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Exchange 2016 uses the Microsoft Exchange Mailbox Replication service (MRS) to import .pst files to mailboxes, and export mailboxes to .pst files. The advantages of using MRS instead of Outlook to import and export mailboxes are:

The Mailbox Replication service (MRS) has a proxy endpoint that's required for cross-forest mailbox moves and remote move migrations between your on-premises Exchange organization and Office 365. You enable the MRS proxy endpoint in the Exchange Web Services (EWS) virtual directory settings in the Client Access (frontend) services on Exchange 2016 Mailbox servers.

in Exchange 2010 the MRS service is running on the CAS server.

in Exchange 2013, MRS is running on the Mailbox server role; during cross-forest and remote move migrations, a Client Access server acts as a proxy for incoming move requests for the Mailbox server.

in Exchange 2016 we have a new architecture, where the Mailbox server integrates both CAS and Mailbox roles, hence the MRS service is running on the Mailbox server and the CAS role acts first like a proxy, as in Exchange 2013 case.

Microsoft Exchange Mailbox Replication service:  MRS resides on an Exchange 2013 Client Access server and is the service that moves mailboxes from the source database to the target database.

Microsoft Exchange Mailbox Replication Proxy:  Remote mailbox moves work over the Internet by way of the MRSProxy service.

You can start and stop the MRS services as you would any service. There's a sharing mechanism between all instances of MRS so that no two servers will attempt to perform the same move request.

Local mailbox moves: You move mailboxes from one mailbox database to another on Exchange servers within a single Active Directory forest. (조직내 DB간 이동)

Cross-forest mailbox moves: You move mailboxes to Exchange servers in a different Active Directory forest. You can initiate the move from the target forest where you want to move the mailboxes (known as a pull move type), or from the source forest that currently hosts the mailboxes (known as a push move type).  (다른 AD Forest 간 이동)

Remote mailbox moves in hybrid deployments: In hybrid deployments between on-premises Exchange and Microsoft Office 365, you can move mailboxes from Exchange to Office 365 (known as onboarding remote move migrations) and from Office 365 to Exchange (know as offboarding remote move migrations). (Onpremise<-> Cloud 간 이동)